Modelling A.I. in Economics

BOUSSARD & GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED Stock Forecast & Analysis

Forecasting stock exchange rates is an important financial problem that is receiving increasing attention. During the last few years, a number of neural network models and hybrid models have been proposed for obtaining accurate prediction results, in an attempt to outperform the traditional linear and nonlinear approaches. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of neural network models which are known to be dynamic and effective in stock-market predictions. We evaluate BOUSSARD & GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED prediction models with Transductive Learning (ML) and Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test1,2,3,4 and conclude that the LON:BGHL stock is predictable in the short/long term. According to price forecasts for (n+3 month) period: The dominant strategy among neural network is to Hold LON:BGHL stock.


Keywords: LON:BGHL, BOUSSARD & GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED, stock forecast, machine learning based prediction, risk rating, buy-sell behaviour, stock analysis, target price analysis, options and futures.

Key Points

  1. Is it better to buy and sell or hold?
  2. How can neural networks improve predictions?
  3. What is a prediction confidence?

LON:BGHL Target Price Prediction Modeling Methodology

Prediction of future movement of stock prices has always been a challenging task for the researchers. While the advocates of the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) believe that it is impossible to design any predictive framework that can accurately predict the movement of stock prices, there are seminal work in the literature that have clearly demonstrated that the seemingly random movement patterns in the time series of a stock price can be predicted with a high level of accuracy. We consider BOUSSARD & GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED Stock Decision Process with Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test where A is the set of discrete actions of LON:BGHL stock holders, F is the set of discrete states, P : S × F × S → R is the transition probability distribution, R : S × F → R is the reaction function, and γ ∈ [0, 1] is a move factor for expectation.1,2,3,4


F(Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test)5,6,7= p a 1 p a 2 p 1 n p j 1 p j 2 p j n p k 1 p k 2 p k n p n 1 p n 2 p n n X R(Transductive Learning (ML)) X S(n):→ (n+3 month) R = r 1 r 2 r 3

n:Time series to forecast

p:Price signals of LON:BGHL stock

j:Nash equilibria

k:Dominated move

a:Best response for target price

 

For further technical information as per how our model work we invite you to visit the article below: 

How do AC Investment Research machine learning (predictive) algorithms actually work?

LON:BGHL Stock Forecast (Buy or Sell) for (n+3 month)


Sample Set: Neural Network
Stock/Index: LON:BGHL BOUSSARD & GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED
Time series to forecast n: 03 Nov 2022 for (n+3 month)

According to price forecasts for (n+3 month) period: The dominant strategy among neural network is to Hold LON:BGHL stock.

X axis: *Likelihood% (The higher the percentage value, the more likely the event will occur.)

Y axis: *Potential Impact% (The higher the percentage value, the more likely the price will deviate.)

Z axis (Yellow to Green): *Technical Analysis%

Adjusted IFRS* Prediction Methods for BOUSSARD & GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED

  1. If a financial instrument that was previously recognised as a financial asset is measured at fair value through profit or loss and its fair value decreases below zero, it is a financial liability measured in accordance with paragraph 4.2.1. However, hybrid contracts with hosts that are assets within the scope of this Standard are always measured in accordance with paragraph 4.3.2.
  2. The requirements in paragraphs 6.8.4–6.8.8 may cease to apply at different times. Therefore, in applying paragraph 6.9.1, an entity may be required to amend the formal designation of its hedging relationships at different times, or may be required to amend the formal designation of a hedging relationship more than once. When, and only when, such a change is made to the hedge designation, an entity shall apply paragraphs 6.9.7–6.9.12 as applicable. An entity also shall apply paragraph 6.5.8 (for a fair value hedge) or paragraph 6.5.11 (for a cash flow hedge) to account for any changes in the fair value of the hedged item or the hedging instrument.
  3. Measurement of a financial asset or financial liability and classification of recognised changes in its value are determined by the item's classification and whether the item is part of a designated hedging relationship. Those requirements can create a measurement or recognition inconsistency (sometimes referred to as an 'accounting mismatch') when, for example, in the absence of designation as at fair value through profit or loss, a financial asset would be classified as subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss and a liability the entity considers related would be subsequently measured at amortised cost (with changes in fair value not recognised). In such circumstances, an entity may conclude that its financial statements would provide more relevant information if both the asset and the liability were measured as at fair value through profit or loss.
  4. An entity shall apply Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018–2020 to financial liabilities that are modified or exchanged on or after the beginning of the annual reporting period in which the entity first applies the amendment.

*International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of accounting rules for the financial statements of public companies that are intended to make them consistent, transparent, and easily comparable around the world.

Conclusions

BOUSSARD & GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED assigned short-term B1 & long-term B3 forecasted stock rating. We evaluate the prediction models Transductive Learning (ML) with Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test1,2,3,4 and conclude that the LON:BGHL stock is predictable in the short/long term. According to price forecasts for (n+3 month) period: The dominant strategy among neural network is to Hold LON:BGHL stock.

Financial State Forecast for LON:BGHL BOUSSARD & GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED Stock Options & Futures

Rating Short-Term Long-Term Senior
Outlook*B1B3
Operational Risk 5049
Market Risk6734
Technical Analysis7032
Fundamental Analysis6956
Risk Unsystematic3954

Prediction Confidence Score

Trust metric by Neural Network: 74 out of 100 with 628 signals.

References

  1. D. Bertsekas. Dynamic programming and optimal control. Athena Scientific, 1995.
  2. Clements, M. P. D. F. Hendry (1997), "An empirical study of seasonal unit roots in forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, 13, 341–355.
  3. D. Bertsekas and J. Tsitsiklis. Neuro-dynamic programming. Athena Scientific, 1996.
  4. R. Rockafellar and S. Uryasev. Optimization of conditional value-at-risk. Journal of Risk, 2:21–42, 2000.
  5. Abadie A, Diamond A, Hainmueller J. 2015. Comparative politics and the synthetic control method. Am. J. Political Sci. 59:495–510
  6. Alexander, J. C. Jr. (1995), "Refining the degree of earnings surprise: A comparison of statistical and analysts' forecasts," Financial Review, 30, 469–506.
  7. Bierens HJ. 1987. Kernel estimators of regression functions. In Advances in Econometrics: Fifth World Congress, Vol. 1, ed. TF Bewley, pp. 99–144. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
Frequently Asked QuestionsQ: What is the prediction methodology for LON:BGHL stock?
A: LON:BGHL stock prediction methodology: We evaluate the prediction models Transductive Learning (ML) and Wilcoxon Sign-Rank Test
Q: Is LON:BGHL stock a buy or sell?
A: The dominant strategy among neural network is to Hold LON:BGHL Stock.
Q: Is BOUSSARD & GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED stock a good investment?
A: The consensus rating for BOUSSARD & GAVAUDAN HOLDING LIMITED is Hold and assigned short-term B1 & long-term B3 forecasted stock rating.
Q: What is the consensus rating of LON:BGHL stock?
A: The consensus rating for LON:BGHL is Hold.
Q: What is the prediction period for LON:BGHL stock?
A: The prediction period for LON:BGHL is (n+3 month)



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