LGHL Stock: A Spark That Could Fizzle

Outlook: Lion Group Holding Ltd. American Depositary Share is assigned short-term Ba3 & long-term B3 estimated rating.
AUC Score : What is AUC Score?
Short-Term Revised¹ :
Dominant Strategy : Hold
Time series to forecast n: for Weeks²
Methodology : Transfer Learning (ML)
Hypothesis Testing : Paired T-Test
Surveillance : Major exchange and OTC

¹The accuracy of the model is being monitored on a regular basis.(15-minute period)

²Time series is updated based on short-term trends.

Summary

Lion Group Holding Ltd. American Depositary Share prediction model is evaluated with Transfer Learning (ML) and Paired T-Test^1,2,3,4 and it is concluded that the LGHL stock is predictable in the short/long term. Transfer learning is a machine learning (ML) method where a model developed for one task is reused as the starting point for a model on a second task. This can be useful when the second task is similar to the first task, or when there is limited data available for the second task. According to price forecasts for 3 Month period, the dominant strategy among neural network is: Hold

Key Points

1. What is Markov decision process in reinforcement learning?
2. How can neural networks improve predictions?
3. Can neural networks predict stock market?

LGHL Target Price Prediction Modeling Methodology

We consider Lion Group Holding Ltd. American Depositary Share Decision Process with Transfer Learning (ML) where A is the set of discrete actions of LGHL stock holders, F is the set of discrete states, P : S × F × S → R is the transition probability distribution, R : S × F → R is the reaction function, and γ ∈ [0, 1] is a move factor for expectation.^1,2,3,4

F(Paired T-Test)^5,6,7= $\begin{array}{cccc}{p}_{\mathrm{a}1}& p_{\mathrm{a}2}& \dots & p_{1n}\\ & ⋮\\ p_{j1}& p_{j2}& \dots & p_{jn}\\ & ⋮\\ p_{k1}& p_{k2}& \dots & p_{kn}\\ & ⋮\\ p_{n1}& p_{n2}& \dots & p_{nn}\end{array}$ X R(Transfer Learning (ML)) X S(n):→ 3 Month $\sum _{i=1}^n\left(r_i\right)$

n:Time series to forecast

p:Price signals of LGHL stock

j:Nash equilibria (Neural Network)

k:Dominated move

a:Best response for target price

Transfer Learning (ML)

Transfer learning is a machine learning (ML) method where a model developed for one task is reused as the starting point for a model on a second task. This can be useful when the second task is similar to the first task, or when there is limited data available for the second task.

Paired T-Test

A paired t-test is a statistical test that compares the means of two paired samples. In a paired t-test, each data point in one sample is paired with a data point in the other sample. The pairs are typically related in some way, such as before and after measurements, or measurements from the same subject under different conditions. The paired t-test is a parametric test, which means that it assumes that the data is normally distributed. The paired t-test is also a dependent samples test, which means that the data points in each pair are correlated.

 

For further technical information as per how our model work we invite you to visit the article below: 

How do AC Investment Research machine learning (predictive) algorithms actually work?

LGHL Stock Forecast (Buy or Sell)

Sample Set: Neural Network
Stock/Index: LGHL Lion Group Holding Ltd. American Depositary Share
Time series to forecast: 3 Month

According to price forecasts, the dominant strategy among neural network is: Hold

Strategic Interaction Table Legend:

X axis: *Likelihood% (The higher the percentage value, the more likely the event will occur.)

Y axis: *Potential Impact% (The higher the percentage value, the more likely the price will deviate.)

Z axis (Grey to Black): *Technical Analysis%

Financial Data Adjustments for Transfer Learning (ML) based LGHL Stock Prediction Model

1. For a discontinued hedging relationship, when the interest rate benchmark on which the hedged future cash flows had been based is changed as required by interest rate benchmark reform, for the purpose of applying paragraph 6.5.12 in order to determine whether the hedged future cash flows are expected to occur, the amount accumulated in the cash flow hedge reserve for that hedging relationship shall be deemed to be based on the alternative benchmark rate on which the hedged future cash flows will be based.
2. If a financial instrument that was previously recognised as a financial asset is measured at fair value through profit or loss and its fair value decreases below zero, it is a financial liability measured in accordance with paragraph 4.2.1. However, hybrid contracts with hosts that are assets within the scope of this Standard are always measured in accordance with paragraph 4.3.2.
3. If changes are made in addition to those changes required by interest rate benchmark reform to the financial asset or financial liability designated in a hedging relationship (as described in paragraphs 5.4.6–5.4.8) or to the designation of the hedging relationship (as required by paragraph 6.9.1), an entity shall first apply the applicable requirements in this Standard to determine if those additional changes result in the discontinuation of hedge accounting. If the additional changes do not result in the discontinuation of hedge accounting, an entity shall amend the formal designation of the hedging relationship as specified in paragraph 6.9.1.
4. The significance of a change in the credit risk since initial recognition depends on the risk of a default occurring as at initial recognition. Thus, a given change, in absolute terms, in the risk of a default occurring will be more significant for a financial instrument with a lower initial risk of a default occurring compared to a financial instrument with a higher initial risk of a default occurring.

*International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adjustment process involves reviewing the company's financial statements and identifying any differences between the company's current accounting practices and the requirements of the IFRS. If there are any such differences, neural network makes adjustments to financial statements to bring them into compliance with the IFRS.

LGHL Lion Group Holding Ltd. American Depositary Share Financial Analysis*

Rating	Short-Term	Long-Term Senior
Outlook*	Ba3	B3
Income Statement	Baa2	C
Balance Sheet	Baa2	Baa2
Leverage Ratios	C	C
Cash Flow	Baa2	C
Rates of Return and Profitability	C	Caa2

*Financial analysis is the process of evaluating a company's financial performance and position by neural network. It involves reviewing the company's financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, as well as other financial reports and documents.
How does neural network examine financial reports and understand financial state of the company?

Conclusions

Lion Group Holding Ltd. American Depositary Share is assigned short-term Ba3 & long-term B3 estimated rating. Lion Group Holding Ltd. American Depositary Share prediction model is evaluated with Transfer Learning (ML) and Paired T-Test^1,2,3,4 and it is concluded that the LGHL stock is predictable in the short/long term. According to price forecasts for 3 Month period, the dominant strategy among neural network is: Hold

Prediction Confidence Score

Trust metric by Neural Network: 84 out of 100 with 477 signals.

References

1. Wager S, Athey S. 2017. Estimation and inference of heterogeneous treatment effects using random forests. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 113:1228–42
2. Barkan O. 2016. Bayesian neural word embedding. arXiv:1603.06571 [math.ST]
3. Holland PW. 1986. Statistics and causal inference. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 81:945–60
4. Armstrong, J. S. M. C. Grohman (1972), "A comparative study of methods for long-range market forecasting," Management Science, 19, 211–221.
5. Imbens GW, Lemieux T. 2008. Regression discontinuity designs: a guide to practice. J. Econom. 142:615–35
6. Athey S, Tibshirani J, Wager S. 2016b. Generalized random forests. arXiv:1610.01271 [stat.ME]
7. Bierens HJ. 1987. Kernel estimators of regression functions. In Advances in Econometrics: Fifth World Congress, Vol. 1, ed. TF Bewley, pp. 99–144. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is the prediction methodology for LGHL stock?
A: LGHL stock prediction methodology: We evaluate the prediction models Transfer Learning (ML) and Paired T-Test
Q: Is LGHL stock a buy or sell?
A: The dominant strategy among neural network is to Hold LGHL Stock.
Q: Is Lion Group Holding Ltd. American Depositary Share stock a good investment?
A: The consensus rating for Lion Group Holding Ltd. American Depositary Share is Hold and is assigned short-term Ba3 & long-term B3 estimated rating.
Q: What is the consensus rating of LGHL stock?
A: The consensus rating for LGHL is Hold.
Q: What is the prediction period for LGHL stock?
A: The prediction period for LGHL is 3 Month

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