Modelling A.I. in Economics

PGH Stock: Is It a Bubble?

Outlook: PACT GROUP HOLDINGS LTD is assigned short-term Caa2 & long-term B2 estimated rating.
AUC Score : What is AUC Score?
Short-Term Revised1 :
Dominant Strategy : Speculative Trend
Time series to forecast n: for Weeks2
Methodology : Active Learning (ML)
Hypothesis Testing : Pearson Correlation
Surveillance : Major exchange and OTC

1The accuracy of the model is being monitored on a regular basis.(15-minute period)

2Time series is updated based on short-term trends.


Summary

PACT GROUP HOLDINGS LTD prediction model is evaluated with Active Learning (ML) and Pearson Correlation1,2,3,4 and it is concluded that the PGH stock is predictable in the short/long term. Active learning (AL) is a machine learning (ML) method in which the model actively queries the user for labels on data points. This allows the model to learn more efficiently, as it is only learning about the data points that are most informative.5 According to price forecasts for 4 Weeks period, the dominant strategy among neural network is: Speculative Trend

Graph 7

Key Points

  1. Active Learning (ML)
  2. Pearson Correlation
  3. What are the most successful trading algorithms?
  4. Trading Signals
  5. How do predictive algorithms actually work?

PGH Stock Price Forecast

We consider PACT GROUP HOLDINGS LTD Decision Process with Active Learning (ML) where A is the set of discrete actions of PGH stock holders, F is the set of discrete states, P : S × F × S → R is the transition probability distribution, R : S × F → R is the reaction function, and γ ∈ [0, 1] is a move factor for expectation.1,2,3,4


Sample Set: Neural Network
Stock/Index: PGH PACT GROUP HOLDINGS LTD
Time series to forecast: 4 Weeks

According to price forecasts, the dominant strategy among neural network is: Speculative Trend


F(Pearson Correlation)6,7= p a 1 p a 2 p 1 n p j 1 p j 2 p j n p k 1 p k 2 p k n p n 1 p n 2 p n n X R(Active Learning (ML)) X S(n):→ 4 Weeks i = 1 n s i

n:Time series to forecast

p:Price signals of PGH stock

j:Nash equilibria (Neural Network)

k:Dominated move of PGH stock holders

a:Best response for PGH target price


Active learning (AL) is a machine learning (ML) method in which the model actively queries the user for labels on data points. This allows the model to learn more efficiently, as it is only learning about the data points that are most informative.5 Pearson correlation, also known as Pearson's product-moment correlation, is a measure of the linear relationship between two variables. It is a statistical measure that assesses the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. The sign of the correlation coefficient indicates the direction of the relationship, while the magnitude of the correlation coefficient indicates the strength of the relationship. A correlation coefficient of 0.9 indicates a strong positive correlation, while a correlation coefficient of 0.2 indicates a weak positive correlation.6,7

 

For further technical information as per how our model work we invite you to visit the article below: 

How do Predictive A.I. algorithms actually work?

PGH Stock Forecast (Buy or Sell) Strategic Interaction Table

Strategic Interaction Table Legend:

X axis: *Likelihood% (The higher the percentage value, the more likely the event will occur.)

Y axis: *Potential Impact% (The higher the percentage value, the more likely the price will deviate.)

Z axis (Grey to Black): *Technical Analysis%

Financial Data Adjustments for Active Learning (ML) based PGH Stock Prediction Model

  1. For the purpose of applying the requirement in paragraph 6.5.12 in order to determine whether the hedged future cash flows are expected to occur, an entity shall assume that the interest rate benchmark on which the hedged cash flows (contractually or non-contractually specified) are based is not altered as a result of interest rate benchmark reform.
  2. When an entity first applies this Standard, it may choose as its accounting policy to continue to apply the hedge accounting requirements of IAS 39 instead of the requirements in Chapter 6 of this Standard. An entity shall apply that policy to all of its hedging relationships. An entity that chooses that policy shall also apply IFRIC 16 Hedges of a Net Investment in a Foreign Operation without the amendments that conform that Interpretation to the requirements in Chapter 6 of this Standard.
  3. When designating a risk component as a hedged item, the hedge accounting requirements apply to that risk component in the same way as they apply to other hedged items that are not risk components. For example, the qualifying criteria apply, including that the hedging relationship must meet the hedge effectiveness requirements, and any hedge ineffectiveness must be measured and recognised.
  4. Rebalancing is accounted for as a continuation of the hedging relationship in accordance with paragraphs B6.5.9–B6.5.21. On rebalancing, the hedge ineffectiveness of the hedging relationship is determined and recognised immediately before adjusting the hedging relationship.

*International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adjustment process involves reviewing the company's financial statements and identifying any differences between the company's current accounting practices and the requirements of the IFRS. If there are any such differences, neural network makes adjustments to financial statements to bring them into compliance with the IFRS.

PGH PACT GROUP HOLDINGS LTD Financial Analysis*

Rating Short-Term Long-Term Senior
Outlook*Caa2B2
Income StatementCaa2C
Balance SheetCaa2C
Leverage RatiosB3Baa2
Cash FlowB2Baa2
Rates of Return and ProfitabilityCB3

*Financial analysis is the process of evaluating a company's financial performance and position by neural network. It involves reviewing the company's financial statements, including the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement, as well as other financial reports and documents.
How does neural network examine financial reports and understand financial state of the company?

References

  1. Imbens GW, Rubin DB. 2015. Causal Inference in Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
  2. Chipman HA, George EI, McCulloch RE. 2010. Bart: Bayesian additive regression trees. Ann. Appl. Stat. 4:266–98
  3. Varian HR. 2014. Big data: new tricks for econometrics. J. Econ. Perspect. 28:3–28
  4. J. Spall. Multivariate stochastic approximation using a simultaneous perturbation gradient approximation. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 37(3):332–341, 1992.
  5. Athey S, Wager S. 2017. Efficient policy learning. arXiv:1702.02896 [math.ST]
  6. S. Devlin, L. Yliniemi, D. Kudenko, and K. Tumer. Potential-based difference rewards for multiagent reinforcement learning. In Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, May 2014
  7. Dimakopoulou M, Athey S, Imbens G. 2017. Estimation considerations in contextual bandits. arXiv:1711.07077 [stat.ML]
Frequently Asked QuestionsQ: What is the prediction methodology for PGH stock?
A: PGH stock prediction methodology: We evaluate the prediction models Active Learning (ML) and Pearson Correlation
Q: Is PGH stock a buy or sell?
A: The dominant strategy among neural network is to Speculative Trend PGH Stock.
Q: Is PACT GROUP HOLDINGS LTD stock a good investment?
A: The consensus rating for PACT GROUP HOLDINGS LTD is Speculative Trend and is assigned short-term Caa2 & long-term B2 estimated rating.
Q: What is the consensus rating of PGH stock?
A: The consensus rating for PGH is Speculative Trend.
Q: What is the prediction period for PGH stock?
A: The prediction period for PGH is 4 Weeks
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