Application of machine learning for stock prediction is attracting a lot of attention in recent years. A large amount of research has been conducted in this area and multiple existing results have shown that machine learning methods could be successfully used toward stock predicting using stocks' historical data. Most of these existing approaches have focused on short term prediction using stocks' historical price and technical indicators. We evaluate JLEN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS GROUP LIMITED prediction models with Inductive Learning (ML) and Sign Test1,2,3,4 and conclude that the LON:JLEN stock is predictable in the short/long term. According to price forecasts for (n+1 year) period: The dominant strategy among neural network is to Hold LON:JLEN stock.
Keywords: LON:JLEN, JLEN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS GROUP LIMITED, stock forecast, machine learning based prediction, risk rating, buy-sell behaviour, stock analysis, target price analysis, options and futures.
Key Points
- Reaction Function
- Nash Equilibria
- What is Markov decision process in reinforcement learning?
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LON:JLEN Target Price Prediction Modeling Methodology
In this paper a Bayesian regularized artificial neural network is proposed as a novel method to forecast financial market behavior. Daily market prices and financial technical indicators are utilized as inputs to predict the one day future closing price of individual stocks. The prediction of stock price movement is generally considered to be a challenging and important task for financial time series analysis. We consider JLEN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS GROUP LIMITED Stock Decision Process with Sign Test where A is the set of discrete actions of LON:JLEN stock holders, F is the set of discrete states, P : S × F × S → R is the transition probability distribution, R : S × F → R is the reaction function, and γ ∈ [0, 1] is a move factor for expectation.1,2,3,4
F(Sign Test)5,6,7= X R(Inductive Learning (ML)) X S(n):→ (n+1 year)
n:Time series to forecast
p:Price signals of LON:JLEN stock
j:Nash equilibria
k:Dominated move
a:Best response for target price
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LON:JLEN Stock Forecast (Buy or Sell) for (n+1 year)
Sample Set: Neural Network
Stock/Index: LON:JLEN JLEN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS GROUP LIMITED
Time series to forecast n: 11 Nov 2022 for (n+1 year)
According to price forecasts for (n+1 year) period: The dominant strategy among neural network is to Hold LON:JLEN stock.
X axis: *Likelihood% (The higher the percentage value, the more likely the event will occur.)
Y axis: *Potential Impact% (The higher the percentage value, the more likely the price will deviate.)
Z axis (Yellow to Green): *Technical Analysis%
Adjusted IFRS* Prediction Methods for JLEN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS GROUP LIMITED
- Annual Improvements to IFRS Standards 2018–2020, issued in May 2020, added paragraphs 7.2.35 and B3.3.6A and amended paragraph B3.3.6. An entity shall apply that amendment for annual reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2022. Earlier application is permitted. If an entity applies the amendment for an earlier period, it shall disclose that fact.
- The credit risk on a financial instrument is considered low for the purposes of paragraph 5.5.10, if the financial instrument has a low risk of default, the borrower has a strong capacity to meet its contractual cash flow obligations in the near term and adverse changes in economic and business conditions in the longer term may, but will not necessarily, reduce the ability of the borrower to fulfil its contractual cash flow obligations. Financial instruments are not considered to have low credit risk when they are regarded as having a low risk of loss simply because of the value of collateral and the financial instrument without that collateral would not be considered low credit risk. Financial instruments are also not considered to have low credit risk simply because they have a lower risk of default than the entity's other financial instruments or relative to the credit risk of the jurisdiction within which an entity operates.
- Hedge effectiveness is the extent to which changes in the fair value or the cash flows of the hedging instrument offset changes in the fair value or the cash flows of the hedged item (for example, when the hedged item is a risk component, the relevant change in fair value or cash flows of an item is the one that is attributable to the hedged risk). Hedge ineffectiveness is the extent to which the changes in the fair value or the cash flows of the hedging instrument are greater or less than those on the hedged item.
- If any instrument in the pool does not meet the conditions in either paragraph B4.1.23 or paragraph B4.1.24, the condition in paragraph B4.1.21(b) is not met. In performing this assessment, a detailed instrument-byinstrument analysis of the pool may not be necessary. However, an entity must use judgement and perform sufficient analysis to determine whether the instruments in the pool meet the conditions in paragraphs B4.1.23–B4.1.24. (See also paragraph B4.1.18 for guidance on contractual cash flow characteristics that have only a de minimis effect.)
*International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are a set of accounting rules for the financial statements of public companies that are intended to make them consistent, transparent, and easily comparable around the world.
Conclusions
JLEN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS GROUP LIMITED assigned short-term Ba2 & long-term B1 forecasted stock rating. We evaluate the prediction models Inductive Learning (ML) with Sign Test1,2,3,4 and conclude that the LON:JLEN stock is predictable in the short/long term. According to price forecasts for (n+1 year) period: The dominant strategy among neural network is to Hold LON:JLEN stock.
Financial State Forecast for LON:JLEN JLEN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS GROUP LIMITED Stock Options & Futures
| Rating | Short-Term | Long-Term Senior |
|---|---|---|
| Outlook* | Ba2 | B1 |
| Operational Risk | 69 | 34 |
| Market Risk | 77 | 78 |
| Technical Analysis | 80 | 33 |
| Fundamental Analysis | 55 | 79 |
| Risk Unsystematic | 59 | 60 |
Prediction Confidence Score
References
- Wooldridge JM. 2010. Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
- Greene WH. 2000. Econometric Analysis. Upper Saddle River, N J: Prentice Hall. 4th ed.
- Christou, C., P. A. V. B. Swamy G. S. Tavlas (1996), "Modelling optimal strategies for the allocation of wealth in multicurrency investments," International Journal of Forecasting, 12, 483–493.
- Hastie T, Tibshirani R, Friedman J. 2009. The Elements of Statistical Learning. Berlin: Springer
- Byron, R. P. O. Ashenfelter (1995), "Predicting the quality of an unborn grange," Economic Record, 71, 40–53.
- R. Sutton and A. Barto. Introduction to reinforcement learning. MIT Press, 1998
- V. Konda and J. Tsitsiklis. Actor-Critic algorithms. In Proceedings of Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 12, pages 1008–1014, 2000
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the prediction methodology for LON:JLEN stock?A: LON:JLEN stock prediction methodology: We evaluate the prediction models Inductive Learning (ML) and Sign Test
Q: Is LON:JLEN stock a buy or sell?
A: The dominant strategy among neural network is to Hold LON:JLEN Stock.
Q: Is JLEN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS GROUP LIMITED stock a good investment?
A: The consensus rating for JLEN ENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS GROUP LIMITED is Hold and assigned short-term Ba2 & long-term B1 forecasted stock rating.
Q: What is the consensus rating of LON:JLEN stock?
A: The consensus rating for LON:JLEN is Hold.
Q: What is the prediction period for LON:JLEN stock?
A: The prediction period for LON:JLEN is (n+1 year)
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